Home Cars Page 12

Cars

Michigan Parking Laws

Michigan Parking Laws

 

Quick Guide to Michigan Parking Laws

Michigan Parking Laws

The majority of Michigan parking laws are listed under Section 257 of the Michigan Vehicle Code.  A link to some of the laws provided by the vehicle code is listed

Some of the sections of Michigan parking law are described in this article.  You will also find information about paying your ticket online through several different methods.  

Sections of Michigan Parking Law

Each jurisdiction within the state of Michigan has its own local ordinances.  These local Michigan parking laws mandate different fines, and some of these fees significantly differentiate.  Fines will be higher in urban areas, and especially educational institutions.  

Some common types of violations associated with Michigan parking law occur because of violating any of the laws below: 

Section 257.672

This law states that a vehicle cannot stop, park, or be left standing attended or unattended on a paved road outside of city limits or the main traveled part of the highway.  If there is a possible pull off, vehicles are required to move the vehicle to that part of the road.  

Additionally, this Michigan parking law states that no vehicle can be stopped, parked, or left unattended on a paved or unpaved limited access highway.  Anyone who violates this law is in direct violation of civil infraction.  

Section 257.6743

This section carries the majority of Michigan parking laws.  Under this section, parking is prohibited in the following ways: 

• on a sidewalk

• in front of a public or private driveway

• within an intersection

• with 15 feet of a fire hydrant

• on a crosswalk

• within 20 feet of a crosswalk 

• within 30 feet of a flashing beacon, stop sign, or traffic control signal

• between a safety zone and adjacent curb or within 30 feet of the end of the safety zone 

• with 50 feet of a railroad crossing

• within20 to the entrance of fire station or 75 feet if indicated by fire company

• in a street excavation site 

• on a bridge

• where a sign prohibits

• within 500 feet of an accident 

• in front of a theater 

• in a manner that blocks a fire escape

• in a space clearly marked for disabled persons

• in a space with public meters where the meter has expired

• in a way to obstruct the delivery of mail

• in a manner that blocks an alley 

Paying your Ticket Online

Michigan parking law allows you to pay your tickets online, and there are several methods you can use to ensure your payment is properly submitted.  The most reliable source on the internet for paying a ticket in violation of a Michigan parking law is the following website under the state.  

The website listed above states which jurisdictions are currently participating.  If you cannot pay your fee for violations of Michigan parking laws with the link provided below, you may be able to pay the fine through your county’s municipal website.  For example, you can pay a ticket for the violation of Michigan parking laws at the following link under the city of Detroit: 

 

Georgia Parking Laws

Georgia Parking Laws

 

Quick Guide to Georgia Parking Laws

Georgia Parking Laws

The majority of Georgia parking laws that generally apply to the public are listed under code 40-6-203 of the Georgia Revised Code.  

This article will cover different kinds of violations under this Georgia parking law and several other laws as well.  Additionally, you will find information about paying your ticket online.  These fines may greatly differentiate depending on the jurisdiction you received your fine, but you have the ability to appeal these fines in most cases.  

Sections of Georgia Parking Law

Each jurisdiction within the state of Georgia has its own local ordinances, but any of the Georgia parking laws in this section applies to all jurisdictions.  Some common violations are usually associated with breaking a Georgia parking law under the following sections of code: 

46-6-203

This code states that any of the following types of parking are illegal: 

• on the roadway side of any vehicle stopped or parked at a curb on the street

• on the sidewalk

• within an intersection

• on a crosswalk

• between a safety zone or within 30 feet of the ends of the safety zone

• alongside or opposite of any street excavations that would obstruct traffic 

• on a bridge, in a tunnel, or on any elevated structure of highway 

• on any railroad tracks

• on any controlled-access highway

• in the areas between a divided highway, including crossovers 

• at any place where signs prohibit parking or stopping

• in front of a public driveway

• within 15 of a fire hydrant

• within 20 feet of a crosswalk 

• within 30 feet of a stop sign, flashing signal, or traffic light 

• within 20 feet of a fire station or 75 feet if the fire stations posts a sign 

• within 50 feet of a railroad crossing unless loading or unloading 

40-6-202

This GA parking law states that nobody can park a car outside of a business or residential district if there is a convenient place to pull off of the roadway.  If there is not an appropriate place to pull off, this Georgia parking law states the car cannot impede traffic in any way.  

40-6-252

The Georgia parking laws under these sections provide provisions for parking on private property, including government property when the person is not authorized to park.  These Georgia parking laws institute specific fines for parking within a private parking area: 

• first offense- no more than $50

• second offense- no more than $100 

• third offense- no more than $150

Paying your Ticket Online

If you have violated Georgia parking laws, you may have the possibility to pay your fine online.  Not all courts allow online payments, and you’ll want to search for your court and payment requirements. 

If you believe you can contest the violation of the Georgia parking law, you shouldn’t pay your ticket online until the court hears the appeal.  

 

North Carolina Parking Laws

North Carolina Parking Laws

 
 
Quick Guide to North Carolina Parking Laws
 
 
NC Parking Laws
 
 
There are multiple North Carolina parking laws that address different methods of parking in different locations.  Most NC Parking Laws are located in Chapter 20 Motor Vehicles of the NC Statutes, and some of these laws are discussed within this article.  
 
 
Local communities may adopt ordinances that extend on state law, and the fines for such offenses will vary as well—especially in metropolitan areas and educational institutions.  Under North Carolina parking laws, you have the right to appeal a ticket, but if were parked in a location that strictly forbids parking, you basically have no chance for an appeal.  
 
 
Specific North Carolina Parking Laws
 
 
There are several laws the directly address certain types of parking.  Specific laws will be discussed below, but any driver should be aware of general, yet commonly violated NC Parking Laws: 
 
 
parking on sidewalk
 
within 25 feet of an intersection 
 
within 15 of a fire hydrant 
 
crossing the center line to park
 
parking over marked lines in designated areas
 
parking in loading zones
 
parking outside of your designated meter limit
 
parking without a residential permit
 
within 5 five feet of a driveway 
 
parking outside or marked spaces
 
 
Chapter 20-161
 
 
This statute of Carolina-parking laws addresses leaving a vehicle unattended on a highway.  Some specific cases discussed within these North Carolina parking laws fall below: 
 
 
no person can park or leave a car standing on the shoulder of a highway with a speed limit of 45 mph or greater or on a bridge with a posted limit below 45 mph except in an temporary emergency situation 
 
the vehicle cannot be temporarily left on the section of highway unless the car can be seen for at least 200 feet in each direction
 
the operator of  a truck must use proper warning devices and signals under all NC Parking Laws
 
the person leaving their vehicle on the side of the highway must notify proper law enforcement to make sure the vehicle is eventually safely removed
 
if the vehicle is left on the highway or rest area for more than 24 hours, the vehicle may be removed unless local law enforcement has been notified of a removal time in the near future
 
if the stopped vehicle has been involved in a serious accident, the vehicle shall not be removed to supply investigative evidence
 
 
There are many other North Carolina parking laws under Chapter 20, and you can visit the following link to research.
 
 
Paying Parking Tickets Online
 
 
If you have violated one or several NC Parking Laws, you have the ability to pay your ticket online with several different resources.  One option after violating North Carolina parking laws is to visit official website under the NC Court System and click the linked called “payNCticket.” 
 
 
The other option includes calling your town’s Parking Services Division.  For example, a person in Chapel Hill who has received a parking ticket can call (919) 932-2912 to pay their ticket.  
 
 

Arkansas Parking Laws

Arkansas Parking Laws

 

Quick Guide to Arkansas Parking Law

Arkansas Parking Laws

The majority of Arkansas parking law is located within Title 27, Chapter 51 of the state’s revised code.  There are other laws that regard parking laws in local jurisdictions, and the fines within these jurisdictions will vary—especially in metropolitan areas and education institutions.  Arkansas parking laws indicate that a person who has received a ticket are allowed to appeal the fine, but these appeals are often very difficult to prove.  

This article will discuss general Arkansas parking law and information regarding paying your ticket.  For more information, regard the complete list of parking by searching within the state’s revised code.  

Specific Arkansas Parking Laws

Section 27-51-1302 of Arkansas parking law provides general laws for prohibited parking in the entire state.  Local jurisdictions may modify these state laws to provide for more safety, but the general prohibitions under this section are listed below: 

1. on a sidewalk

2. in front of public or private driveway

3. within an intersection

4. within 15 feet of a fire hydrant

5. on a crosswalk

6. within 20 feet of a crosswalk at an intersection

7. within 30 feet of a flashing beacon, stop sign, or any traffic-control signal located at the side of a roadway

8. Between a safety zone or 30 feet from the ends of the zone

9. within 50 feet of the nearest rail of a railroad crossing

10. within 20 feet of fire department’s driveway or 75 feet if post by fire department

11. alongside or opposite any street excavation 

12. on the roadway side of any vehicle stopped or parked at the edge of a curb

13. upon a bridge or other elevated structure upon a highway or in a tunnel

14. at any place where signs prohibit

15. on the shoulders, median, ramps, or any highway rights-of-way along an interstate or fully controlled access highway except in designated parking areas

There are multiple other Arkansas parking laws.  As mentioned above, most Arkansas parking law is located in Chapter 51 of Title 17 of the revised code.  An important rule that most people fail to regard—and which causes a large number of accidents—is section 27-51-1307.  This Arkansas parking laws states the following: 

“No person shall open the door of a motor vehicle on the side available to moving traffic unless and until it is reasonably safe to do so, nor shall any person leave a door open on the side of a vehicle available to moving traffic for a period of time longer than necessary to load and unload passengers.”

Fines for Violation of Arkansas Parking Laws

If you have violated an Arkansas parking law, you can either pay your ticket at your local municipal court, or you can pay the fine online.  Arkansas parking law allows a person to pay their ticket online under the website of the Arkansas Online Court Payment.  The link to the website is provided.

 

South Dakota Parking Laws

South Dakota Parking Laws

 

 

Frequently Asked Questions about South Dakota Parking Laws

South Dakota parking laws strictly regulate how and where people may park their cars in the state of South Dakota, as well as what the punishments will be for violations of these laws. Though these are generally minor infractions, they can carry a heavy price, so everyone with a car should be intimately familiar with South Dakota parking laws. 

What are examples South Dakota parking laws?

There are many South Dakota parking laws in existence that drivers should know exactly. Most important are those laws restricting where a person can park. For instance, it is forbidden for any car to park:

• In front of a public or private driveway;

• Within fifteen feet of a fire hydrant;

• Within twenty feet of a crosswalk at an intersection;

• Within thirty feet of any flashing signal, yield sign, stop sign, or traffic signal;

• Within twenty feet of the driveway entrance of any fire station, or within seventy-five feet of a driveway entrance if on the opposite side of the street;

• At any other location which signs explicitly indicate that parking there is against South Dakota parking laws.

How do I pay a parking ticket?

Paying a parking ticket means that you are pleading guilty to a violation of South Dakota parking laws, so you should only do it if you are truly guilty of the crime. The fine for your particular parking violation should be stated clearly on the ticket. You will be able to pay by mail, following the instructions carefully on the back of the ticket, signing it in the appropriate place and putting with it funds in the requested form—usually a check or a money order. 

You will also be able to pay your traffic ticket in person at the city court. Just bring the ticket and a form of payment. Some individuals prefer paying n person because it usually means more methods of payment are available, including by cash and credit.

Keep in mind that violations of South Dakota parking laws are punished strictly with fines, not with points. If you pay your parking ticket, it will not affect your insurance rates.

How do I challenge a parking ticket?

Individuals accused of violating South Dakota parking laws always have the right to challenge those accusations in court. Just read the back of the parking ticket to learn exactly how to plead not guilty and contest the charges in a city court. 

For minor crimes, such as most violations of South Dakota parking laws, a jury trial will not be available. You will have to present your case to a judge. Most jurisdictions will allow you to hire a parking ticket attorney if you want legal counsel, but this will certainly not be required and will likely cost more than your ticket is worth.

What if I lose a parking ticket?

This has an easy answer. Just call the court and they’ll replace the ticket for you, since the police already have a record of it. Unfortunately, you may be charged an additional fine for a replacement, depending on the rules of your particular municipal court.

Nebraska Parking Laws

Nebraska Parking Laws

 

Quick Guide to NE Parking Laws” 

Nebraska Parking Laws

The majority of Nebraska parking law is located within Chapter 60 of the state’s revised statutes.  There are other chapters that regard NE parking laws in local jurisdictions, and the fines within these jurisdictions will vary—especially in metropolitan areas and education institutions.  Nebraska parking laws indicate that a person who has received a ticket is allowed to appeal the fine, but these appeals are often very difficult to prove.  

This article will discuss several Nebraska parking laws and information regarding paying your ticket.  For more information, regard the complete list of NE parking laws by searching within the state’s revised statutes.  

Specific Nebraska Parking Law

§60-6,166 of Nebraska parking law provides general laws for prohibited parking in the entire state.  Local jurisdictions may modify these NE parking laws to provide for more safety, but the general prohibitions under this section are listed below: 

• on the roadway side of a car parked at a curb or side of street

• on a sidewalk

• within an intersection

• on a crosswalk

• between a safety zone or 30 feet from the ends of a safety zone unless a local Nebraska parking laws states otherwise

• alongside or opposite any excavation that would obstruct traffic

• on a bridge, elevated highway, or in a tunnel

• on a railroad track

• at any place where local Nebraska parking laws prohibit parking

• in front of a public or private driveway

• within 15 feet of fire hydrant

• within 25 feet of a crosswalk at an intersection unless local Nebraska parking laws state otherwise

• within 30 feet of a flashing beacon or traffic control device

• within 25 feet of a fire station driveway or 75 feet if posted by local Nebraska parking law

• within 50 feet of the nearest rail of a railroad crossing (except temporarily for loading and unloading if allowed by local NE parking laws)

Handicapped Nebraska Parking Laws

§18-1737 of the NE parking laws states that any city, state agency, or any other person with lawful possession of an off-street parking facility must provide designated parking spaces for the handicapped.  According to subsection (2) of this Nebraska parking law states that if a person notifies the police or sheriff’s department, they may remove a vehicle that illegally parked in a handicapped parking space.

Penalties for breaking Nebraska parking laws by parking in a handicapped space can increase with the number of infractions, and appeals for these violations of NE parking laws are virtually impossible.  

NE Parking Laws for Paying Tickets Online

There are several ways you may be able to pay your ticket online according to Nebraska parking law.  If you have violated a Nebraska parking law, you should read the directions closely on the website before paying your ticket online: 

If you plan to appeal the ticket for violation of NE parking laws, you should never pay the ticket online because the payment is usually nonrefundable.  You may be able to pay your ticket for a violation of Nebraska parking laws through your local court, but you’ll have to locate the court’s website and see if you can pay the ticket.  

 

Mississippi Parking Laws

Mississippi Parking Laws

 

Quick Guide to Mississippi Parking Laws

Mississippi Parking Laws

The majority of Mississippi parking law is located within Title 63, Chapter 3 of the MS annotated code.  There are other laws that regard MS parking law in local jurisdictions, and the fines within these jurisdictions will vary—especially in metropolitan areas and education institutions.  Mississippi parking laws indicate that a person who has received a ticket are allowed to appeal the fine, but these appeals are often very difficult to prove.  

This article will discuss general Mississippi parking law and information regarding paying your ticket.  For more information on MS parking law, regard the complete list of parking by searching within the state’s annotated code.  

Specific Mississippi Parking Laws

Section 63-3-901 provides general MS parking law for prohibited parking in the entire state.  Local jurisdictions may modify these state laws to provide for more safety, but the general prohibitions under this section are listed below; 

• on a sidewalk

• in front of public or private driveway

• within an intersection

• within ten feet of a fire hydrant

• on a crosswalk

• within twenty feet of a crosswalk at intersection 

• within 30 feet of a flashing beacon, stop sign, or traffic signal

• between a safety zone or 30 feet from the ends of the safety zone

• within 15 feet of the nearest rail or railroad crossing

• within twenty feet of a fire station’s driveway entrance or on the opposite side of the street, or 75 feet if indicated by the fire department and local MS parking law

• alongside or opposite street excavation if such parking obstructs traffic

• on the roadway side of any vehicle stopped or parked at a curb

• upon a bridge or other elevated structure on the highway or in a tunnel

• at any place that local MS parking law prohibits stopping or parking

Section 63-3-907 of Mississippi parking law states how cars should be parked along a curb.  According to the specific Mississippi parking law, a car parked along an adjacent curb “shall be stopped or parked with the right-hand wheels of such vehicle parallel with and within 12 inches of the right-hand curb.”  A local ordinance may overrule this Mississippi parking law or if the street is a one-way street.  

Section 63-3-909 of the Mississippi parking laws states how a vehicle needs parked on a hill or “perceptible grade.”  According to the conditions under this Mississippi parking law, a person cannot park without “first stopping the engine, locking the ignition and removing the key, and, when standing upon any perceptible grade, without effectively setting the brake thereon and turning the front wheels to the curb or side of the highway.” 

Can I Pay my Ticket Online?

Mississippi parking laws allow a person to pay a parking ticket online if the municipal or county court allows such a payment.  If your county allows online payments under Mississippi parking laws, you’ll have to search for your county’s government website and make sure you can make a payment online.  If you are considering appealing the ticket for violation of a MS parking law, never make a payment online first.  

 

New Mexico Parking Laws

New Mexico Parking Laws

 
 
A Quick Guide to New Mexico’s Parking Laws 
 
 
New Mexico Parking Laws
 
 
The majority of New Mexico’s parking laws are located within NRS §66-7-351 of the state’s revised statutes.  There are other laws that regard NM parking laws in local jurisdictions, and the fines within these jurisdictions will vary—especially in metropolitan areas and education institutions.  New Mexico parking laws allow any person who has received a ticket to appeal the fine, but these appeals are often very difficult to prove.  
 
 
This article will discuss general NM parking laws and information regarding paying your ticket.  For more information on New Mexico’s parking laws, regard the complete list of New Mexico parking laws by searching within Article 7 of Chapter 66 of the state’s revised statutes.  
 
 
Specific New Mexico Parking Laws
 
 
§66-7-351 of New Mexico’s parking laws provides general provisions for prohibited parking in the entire state, and local jurisdictions may modify these NM parking laws to provide for more safety.  Regardless, the general prohibitions under this section of New Mexico’s parking laws are listed below: 
 
 
one a sidewalk
 
 
in front of a public or private driveway
 
 
within an intersection
 
 
within 15 feet of a fire hydrant
 
 
on a crosswalk
 
 
within 25 feet of a crosswalk at an intersection
 
 
within 30 feet of a flashing beacon, stop sign or traffic-control signal
 
 
between a safety zone or thirty feet from the ends of the safety zone unless local NM parking laws state otherwise
 
 
within 50 feet of the nearest rail of a railroad crossing
 
 
within 20 feet of a driveway entrance or 75 feet if local NM parking laws posted by the fire station state otherwise
 
 
along or opposite any street excavation if parking would obstruct traffic
 
 
on the roadway side of any vehicle stopped or parked at a curb or side of the street
 
 
upon any bridge, elevated piece of highway, or in a tunnel
 
 
at any place where New Mexico’s parking laws and signs prohibit parking
 
 
§66-7-352 Additional laws under New Mexico’s Parking Laws
 
 
The following New Mexico parking laws posted below are paraphrased from the state legislature: 
 
 
Unless otherwise provided by New Mexico’s parking laws, every vehicle stopped or parked must have the right-hand wheels parallel to the curb within 18 inches
 
 
local NM parking laws may allow parking on the left-hand side of a one-way street, and the 18 inch rules applies similarly
 
 
local New Mexico parking laws may allow angled parking, and angled parking may be allowed on certain highways if the state highway commission determines there is enough room 
 
 
the state highway commission may place signs and NM parking laws on any highway it deems as dangerous to stop or park on
 
 
Can I pay my ticket online according to New Mexico’s Parking Laws?
 
 
Most counties in New Mexico will not let you pay your parking ticket online because of local NM parking laws, including Santa Fe.  However, some counties may allow you to pay the ticket online for violation of New Mexico parking laws, and you’ll want to search for your specific county’s or town’s website to find out if you can pay the ticket online.
 
 

Ohio Parking Laws

Ohio Parking Laws

 

Quick Guide to Ohio Parking Laws 

Ohio Parking Laws

A complete list of Ohio parking law can be found in the Ohio Revised States under Chapter 4511: Traffic Laws—Operation of Motor Vehicles.  Specific Ohio parking laws that address parking are listed below: 

• 4511.68 Parking—prohibited acts

• 4511.681 Parking on private property—prohibited acts

• 4511.69 Parking Requirements 

This article will discuss some of these Ohio parking laws, as well as information about paying your ticket online.  If you’re looking specific prices for fines, you’ll have to contact your local Department of Public Service.  If you’re looking to contact the Columbus DPS, you can call (614) 645-6400 or visit 2700 Impound Lot.  You can also contact your local police station to receive individual codes and fines.  

4511.68 Parking—prohibited acts

This Ohio parking law prohibits specific cases of parking.  If you have violated an Ohio parking law listed below, you will likely receive a fine and be subject to significant fine in certain cases.  Prohibited acts include:  

• on a sidewalk

• in front of a public or private driveway

• within an intersection

• within ten feet of a fire hydrant 

• on a crosswalk

• within twenty feet of a crosswalk at an intersection

• within thirty feet of a stop sign or traffic control device

• between a safety zone and the adjacent curb

• within fifty feet of a railroad crossing 

• within twenty feet of a driveway entrance to any fire station or on the opposite side of the street

• alongside or opposite any street excavation or obstruction that would obstruct traffic

• alongside any vehicle stopped or parked on the street

• upon any bridge, an elevated highway, or tunnel

• any place where signs prohibit parking

• within one foot of another parked vehicle

There are several other Ohio parking laws listed under this section, and to view just this section, access the following link.

4511.681 Parking on private property—prohibited acts

This Ohio parking law provides brief provisions for parking on private property.  If any of the Ohio parking laws under this section are violated, the offender may receive a minor misdemeanor.  

If the owner of the property posts notification of no parking on property in clear vision, no driver can do the following: 

• park the vehicle on the property without consent from the owner

• park the vehicle on the property in any violation of a conditions posted by the owner

For an Ohio parking law under Section 4411.69, visit the following link.

How do I pay a ticket online? 

If you have violated an Ohio parking law, you’ll have to visit the official website of your city’s Department of public service or go through your county court.  In order to pay ticket for violating Ohio parking laws in Columbus.  

If you do not want to go through your department of public service, you can reach a link for county courts at the following website:  https://www.ohiocourtlinks.org/. 

 

Speeding Ticket Louisiana

Speeding Ticket Louisiana

A brief guide to speeding tickets in Louisiana

As a driver, it is your responsibility to use your vehicle in a responsible and safe fashion at at all time. Drivers who fail to do so risk receiving a speeding ticket in Louisiana. While this is a relatively minor violation of the law, there are both legal and financial consequences that may ensue. It is important to be aware of all driving laws in order to ensure that you do not receive speeding tickets in Louisiana.

At all times, you should be on the alert for any signs which advise you how fast you may proceed. A speeding ticket in Louisiana can be issued by any police officer who pulls over a driver who has exceeded the posted limit. However, these kinds of citations will not be issued only to drivers who are proceeding at unsafe speeds. Speeding tickets in Louisiana can also be issued to people who fail to drive at the minimum posted speed limit. If you are driving too slow, you pose just as a great a risk to other drivers on the road as someone who is speeding.

Speeding tickets in Louisiana will vary in fine size depending on how much you exceed the posted limit and where you do so. Fines will increase if you violate speeding laws in a school zone or when passing a construction site. A speeding ticket in Louisiana will be greater because such infractions of the law place the lives of pedestrians and minors in danger.

You should be aware of the area where you are driving. Speeding tickets in Louisiana can be issued on an interstate highway, where you can drive at the fastest speeds. Have your vehicle registration in Louisiana ready. The limits will be set by the municipality or county responsible for law enforcement in the area. You should decrease your speed when you are in an urban or residential area to avoid the risk of receiving a speeding ticket in Louisiana.

Generally speaking, financial penalties will be the only consequence of receiving this kind of legal citation. You may choose to go to traffic court to contest any speeding tickets in Louisiana which you are issued. However, you are not entitled to trial by jury. A judge will hear your plea of “not guilty” if you choose to dispute a speeding ticket in Louisiana

People who display a consistent pattern of reckless driving risk losing their right to drive a vehicle. If you are issued many speeding tickets in Louisiana, your license may be suspended permanently or indefinitely.

In addition to financial penalties issued by the state, additional consequences may apply. Every speeding ticket in Louisiana which you are issued will increase your insurance rates. To safeguard your financial health and maintain the ability to drive a vehicle, you should make sure not to exceed the speed limit in any area you drive through. The ultimate responsibility for avoiding being issued a speeding ticket in Louisiana rests with you.

Attorneys, Get Listed: 30% off

X